GLP-1 Agonist Therapy for Advanced Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction

H eart failure (HF) is a leading cause of mortality and mor- bidity in the industrialized world and imposes a substantial burden on public health.In the United States, HF is the primary cause of death for more than 60 000 people annually and a contributing factor in over 282 000 cases. 1 Despite guidelinerecommended therapy for patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction, 1 the 1-year mortality in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III to IV HF on maximal medical therapy is 35% to 40%. 2 Based on recent estimates, approximately 5.1 million adult Americans have HF, and projections show that by the year 2030 the prevalence of HF in the United States will increase by 25%. 2 By any metric, HF imposes a major public health and financial burden on society.The lack of new disease-modifying pharmacological therapy for HF over the past 2 decades further amplifies these concerns.