Borophene/PVDF Composite Film With High Piezoelectric Coefficient for Closed–Loop Monitoring and Intervention of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), with the most direct symptom of snoring, is a common disorder that leads to intermittent hypoxia and cardiovascular risk. Here, we present a wearable borophene/PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) composite film integrated into a closed-loop OSA monitoring and intervention system. The composite film exhibits a piezoelectric coefficient of 31.9 pC·N⁻¹, achieving effective biomechanical signal transduction within ±5% performance degradation after 10 000 compression or bending cycles. When attached to the neck, the composite detects biomechanical signals with high fidelity. Using Mel spectrogram features and a residual neural network-Transformer classifier, we attain 95.6% multiclass biomechanical signals recognition accuracy. Upon snoring detection, a controlled electrical stimulation pulse contracts the genioglossus muscle to restore normal breathing. The non-invasive intelligent closed-loop monitoring and intervention system for OSA demonstrates the application potential of borophene-based piezoelectric composites in next-generation bioelectronics.