Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy presenting with ptosis and floppy eyelids: a review of ophthalmic manifestations, histopathology, and pathophysiology

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Prostaglandin-E2 overexpression and its influence on cytokines are central to the pathogenesis of primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, which can manifest with hypertrophic, lax, floppy eyelids. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Maja Magazin; Aneesha Ahluwalia; Chaow Charoenkijkajorn; Andrea L. Kossler

doi:10.1080/01676830.2026.2627478

February 20, 2026Orbit

Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy presenting with ptosis and floppy eyelids: a review of ophthalmic manifestations, histopathology, and pathophysiology

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Key Points

This review aims to examine the ocular symptoms and underlying factors in primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (PHOA).
Review of existing literature on ophthalmic manifestations, histopathology, and pathophysiology of PHOA.
Analysis of hormonal, inflammatory, and mechanical factors associated with the condition.
Highlighted the role of prostaglandin-E2 and its effect on cytokine expression in PHOA.
Identified the presence of lax, floppy eyelids as a notable symptom of the disease.
Suggested further investigation into disease-specific cytokines, VEGF, and MMP for potential treatments.

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Implication

Review explores hormonal, inflammatory, and mechanical factors influencing ocular symptoms in hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, suggesting new therapies.

Abstract

Hormonal, inflammatory, and mechanical factors related to prostaglandin-E2 overexpression, and its influence on various cytokines are at the center of disease pathogenesis in PHOA, manifesting with hypertrophic, lax, floppy eyelids. Further studies targeting disease specific cytokines, VEGF and MMP are needed to explore additional medical therapies.

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Magazin et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/699bee1c1c6c6bad5397fce9 https://doi.org/10.1080/01676830.2026.2627478

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Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy presenting with ptosis and floppy eyelids: a review of ophthalmic manifestations, histopathology, and pathophysiology

Key Points

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy presenting with ptosis and floppy eyelids: a review of ophthalmic manifestations, histopathology, and pathophysiology

Key Points

Ask about this paper

Implication

Abstract

Discussion

Cite This Study

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