Unani Perspective of PCOS with Special Reference to the Potential Benefits of Satāwar (Asparagus racemosus Willd.) for Women’s Reproductive Health

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by hormonal imbalance, irregular menstruation, anovulation, and Uqr (infertility). Despite multiple therapeutic options in modern medicine, the management of PCOS remains largely symptomatic and often associated with adverse effects. The Unani system of medicine offers a holistic approach that addresses the underlying imbalances of humors ( Akhlāṭ ) and temperament ( Mizāj ), emphasizing detoxification, hormonal modulation, and restoration of reproductive health. Among the classical Unani drugs, Asparagus racemosus Willd. ( Satāwar ) holds a prominent position as a potent uterine tonic, emmenagogue, galactagogue, and aphrodisiac. To review and highlight the therapeutic potential of Asparagus racemosus ( Satāwar ) in the management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from a Unani perspective and contemporary pharmacological evidence by correlating classical Unani concepts with modern scientific understanding, exploring its phytochemical and pharmacological profile, and evaluating experimental and clinical studies supporting its efficacy. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using classical Unani texts and modern scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Keywords such as “ Asparagus racemosus , Satāwar , Unani Medicine, PCOS, reproductive health, and phytoestrogen” were used to retrieve relevant preclinical and clinical studies published in English and Urdu. Preclinical studies revealed that Asparagus racemosus regulates hormonal balance, reduces hyperandrogenism, and promotes follicular development. Clinical trials demonstrated its effectiveness in normalising menstrual cycles, enhancing ovulation, and improving metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. The presence of phytoestrogens, flavonoids, and saponins contributes to its hormonal and reproductive benefits. The findings support Unani claims of Satāwar as a safe and effective therapeutic option in managing PCOS, warranting further controlled clinical research to establish evidence-based integration in modern reproductive healthcare.