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February 24, 2026Journal of World Trade

Dual-Use Items and the WTO: A Proposal for a Standard of Proof in the Evaluation under Security Exception Clause

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DLDong Eun LEE

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Overview

Proposes standards of proof for evaluating export controls on dual-use items, suggesting a balanced legal approach amidst security concerns.

Key Points

  • The aim is to clarify the interpretation of GATT Article XXI(b)(ii) regarding dual-use export controls and propose a standard of proof for assessing their legality.
  • Analyzes GATT Article XXI(b)(ii) in relation to dual-use items.
  • Evaluates existing interpretations and applications of export controls.
  • Proposes standards of proof for establishing evidence under security exceptions.
  • Identifies ambiguities in the application of export controls.
  • Advocates for a balanced approach to security exceptions to prevent abuse.
  • Highlights the importance of multilateralism in international trade law.

Cite This Study

Dong Eun LEE (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/699d3fe6de8e28729cf64b16https://doi.org/10.54648/trad2026010
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