Impact characteristics and damage mechanisms of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim in drum screening

During the mechanized harvesting of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim(FUM), collisions among mixtures in the screening stage are the primary cause of bulb damage.Damaged FUM bulbs exhibited a significant decrease in regenerative capacity when used as seeds, while their commercial value as medicinal materials was substantially compromised.These issues severely constrain the sustainable development of the FUM industry.Therefore, elucidating the impact mechanisms of collision parameters on damage was a critical scientific imperative for optimizing screening equipment and mitigating economic losses. Based on the collision mechanism, the design of a low-damage drum screen can significantly reduce damage rates in mechanized harvesting processes.We investigated the relationship between the impulse reduction and mass loss rate of FUM and the collision direction, collision height, and shape of the collision surface of FUM using a collision test between FUM and a clod (stone). The results showed that the impact surface shape, direction, and height of the FUM significantly affected the impulse reduction. The impact surface shape and height significantly influence the mass loss rate. Impact direction significantly influences the mass loss rate. The collision height was linearly and positively correlated with the impulse reduction and mass loss rates, which are quadratic functions. The study aims to investigate the effects of collision direction, height, and clod surface shape on the impulse reduction and mass loss rate of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim during screening. By analyzing these relationships, the research provides a theoretical basis and technical reference for designing low-loss drum screens for FUM.