Abstract The Financial inclusion program focuses on providing financial solutions for marginalized segments in India, with practically no indications of imbalance. The aim of the current study is to develop and validate a model that explains various dimensions of measuring the effectiveness of financial inclusion. This study adopted a descriptive approach using a convenience sampling method ( N = 405). The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to understand the parameters and test the hypotheses. The findings showed that financial inclusion levels have increased familiar progressive opinions about financial inclusion schemes and towards hands-on usage of financial inclusion schemes. Thus, financial inclusion can be used to drive activities across all divisions of society, thereby increasing the standards of living. This outcome shows the potential for financial inclusion towards bring about a change in the state of Tamil Nadu. Thus, research can study diverse dimensions of financial inclusion, such as mobile-based financial services, and concentrate towards progressing financial inclusion schemes using blockchain Technology, Fintech Approach and AI.
Kumar et al. (2026) studied this question.