Fine sensory innervation of the contact surface of lamellae bearing adhesive setae in the tokay gecko

Abstract The adhesive abilities of geckos have intrigued scientists across disciplines since the early 19th century. While the chemical and physical properties of the gecko adhesive system are well studied, the details of the neural feedback concerning contact between adhesive pads and the substrate remain unclear. In particular, there is a lack of data regarding the sensory input relating to perception of loading borne by the adhesive pads. Using immunohistochemical labeling of specific neural structures in combination with confocal microscopy, we report a previously undescribed array of sensory nerve endings within the seta‐bearing lamellae of the tokay gecko ( Gekko gecko L.). This innervation framework consists of a network of thin neuronal fibers forming an extensive plexus within the dermal layer of the lamellae, which terminate in discoid sensory swellings located within the epidermis, underlying the stratum corneum. The position, morphology, and organization of the described neuronal elements suggest their sensory role. These structures may directly register the mechanical load imposed upon the adhesive lamellae, constituting a “front‐end” component of the neuronal sensory system associated with the fine‐tuning of the fascinating adhesive performance of geckos.