Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Ghana: Quasi-Experimental Design for Cost-Effectiveness Assessment

Public health surveillance systems in Ghana are critical for monitoring infectious diseases and other public health issues. However, their effectiveness varies across different regions. A comprehensive search strategy was employed to identify relevant studies. Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria related to methodology and cost-effectiveness assessment. The analysis revealed that while some surveillance systems are well-established, there is a need for standardised protocols in resource-limited settings, as indicated by the proportion of studies using quasi-experimental designs (80%). Quasi-experimental designs offer promising methods to evaluate and improve public health surveillance systems in Ghana. Standardised guidelines should be developed and implemented to enhance the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these systems. Treatment effect was estimated with logit(pᵢ)=β₀+β^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.