Observations reveal solar energetic particles' modulation due to solar wind stream interactions, indicating coronal hole impact.
The influence of large-scale interplanetary structures on the propagation of solar energetic particles on August 27, 2022 is studied. The dynamics of particles fluxes, observed at the Lagrange point L1 and in the near-Earth space has a number of particular features, such as the synchronous local maxima of electron and proton fluxes of different energies during the flux growth phase and the anisotropy of the solar proton flux for about 12 hours. The time profiles of solar protons observed near the Earth are similar to those observed at L1 point, though with a delay of more than an hour. We suppose that the observed features can be explained by modulation processes during the propagation of particles inside the leading compression region ahead of the high-speed solar wind stream from the coronal hole.
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N.A. Vlasova (2025) studied this question.
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