What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to explore the integration of sensing and communication in optical networks, known as optical-network ISAC.

February 26, 2026Open Access

Integrated Fiber Sensing and Communication for Optical Networks: Principles, Solutions, and Challenges

Puntos clave

The aim is to explore the integration of sensing and communication in optical networks, known as optical-network ISAC.
Review of technical principles of optical-network ISAC
Comparison of sensing methods including backward and forward-sensing
Analysis of solutions for implementation at transmitter and receiver sides
Identified challenges and solutions for integrating sensing and communication
Highlighted applications and potential future developments in optical networks

Resumen

The integration of optical-network sensing and communication (optical-network ISAC) can effectively utilize resources and meet the demands of intelligent scenarios, becoming a future development trend. This article reviews the fundamental technical principles involved in the optical-network ISAC, including three types of backward-sensing based on Rayleigh scattering, Raman scattering, and Brillouin scattering, respectively. The forward-sensing methods based on power profile estimation (PPE) and the state of polarization (SOP), as well as bidirectional sensing, are compared and analyzed. The technical difficulties and recent solutions to realize the optical-network ISAC are introduced, including the existing solutions implemented at the transmitter side or the receiver side. Finally, we discuss the new opportunities and major challenges of the optical-network ISAC technique for practical applications

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