A cost deployment framework for Industry 5.0 in green supply Chains: Integrating AHP and Fuzzy-QFD with empirical validation from a Manufacturing case study

The integration of Industry 5.0 technologies—such as AI, IoT, and collaborative robotics—into green supply chains offers potential for sustainability, resilience, and operational efficiency. This study employs a cost deployment approach, combining theoretical analysis with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and fuzzy-QFD methodologies to optimize environmental and economic performance. Results indicate long-term benefits, including a 20% reduction in energy consumption, a 15% decrease in CO 2 emissions, and 12% waste minimization, achieved through AI-driven energy management, IoT monitoring, and cobot-assisted processes. The Alpha Manufacturing case study validates these outcomes, showing a return on investment (ROI) within 2.5 years and annual savings of €200 K. The framework translates green requirements (e.g., energy efficiency) into technical specifications (e.g., eco-design, blockchain procurement), linking sustainability and economic goals. By prioritizing Industry 5.0 technologies, this research provides actionable insights for scalable, cost-effective green supply chain transformation.