Numerical simulations compare proton beam features from thin foils and preplasma targets, indicating unique behaviors.
Three-dimensional numerical simulations are used to study the characteristics of proton beams accelerated by a short laser pulse from thin foils and targets with preplasma. The preplasma parameters are calculated using the FRONT hydrodynamic code, which simulates three-dimensional target expansion under the action of a nanosecond pulse (prepulse).
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Brantov et al. (2025) studied this question.
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