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Develops a reference library using XPS and HAXPES to analyze surface chemistry in ion batteries, suggesting improved understanding of materials.
We built a unified XPS and HAXPES reference library for Li, Na, and K battery materials, binders, and salts. Optimized preparation and selective Os coating suppress charging and provide reliable fingerprints for SEI and surface chemistry.
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Tatara et al. (2026) studied this question.
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