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Narrative review compares surgical and minimally invasive treatments for varicose veins, indicating improved patient outcomes.
AbstractBackgroundVaricose veins represent a prevalent manifestation of chronic venous diseaseaffecting quality of life, functional ability, and patient comfort globally. Traditionalsurgical management through vein ligation and stripping has been substantially displacedby minimally invasive, image-guided interventions, reshaping clinical practice andimproving patient-centred outcomes.Objective This narrative review presents a comparative evaluation of surgical and non-surgical treatment modalities for varicose veins, with emphasis on technological innovations, clinical effectiveness, recurrence rates, complication profiles, and economicconsiderations.
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Hariharan V, Gayathri K, Sivakumar R, Jagadesh S, Bhuvaneshwaran G, Boobesh M, Dhivyadharshini E, Srinath K (2026) studied this question.
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