Methodological Evaluation of District Hospitals Systems in Ethiopia using Difference-in-Differences Model for Cost-Effectiveness Assessment

District hospitals in Ethiopia play a critical role in healthcare delivery but face challenges in terms of resource allocation and service quality. A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed and Scopus. Studies were selected based on inclusion criteria regarding the use of DiD for assessing cost-effectiveness in Ethiopian district hospitals. The DiD method showed promising results, with a significant treatment effect observed in reducing hospital costs by approximately 15% over a two-year period. The DiD model demonstrated its efficacy in measuring the impact of resource allocation on cost-effectiveness within Ethiopian district hospitals. Further research should explore the scalability and robustness of the DiD method across different geographical regions with varying healthcare systems. District Hospitals, Ethiopia, Cost-Effectiveness, Difference-in-Differences (DiD), Healthcare Systems Treatment effect was estimated with logit(pᵢ)=β₀+β^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.