Evaluating Environmental and Economic Perspectives of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems: A Review

The escalating global challenges have driven significant shifts toward cleaner energy solutions, many of which rely on energy storage technologies. However, there is currently no single energy storage technology that meets all of the application requirements. To address this, hybrid energy storage systems, which combine two or more types of storage devices, have emerged as a promising solution. To support the sustainable implementation of hybrid energy storage systems, this work provides a comprehensive overview of metrics and factors that influence their financial and environmental impacts. In addition, the article discusses the challenges, recommendations, and future directions in conducting sustainability analyses.