Methodological Evaluation of Urban Primary Care Networks in Nigeria Using Difference-in-Differences for Clinical Outcomes Assessment,

Urban primary care networks in Nigeria have been established to improve access to healthcare services, particularly for underserved populations. A DiD regression analysis was conducted to assess changes in patient outcomes before and after network implementation, comparing intervention sites with control areas. There was an observed increase of 15% in vaccination rates among children under five years old post-network establishment, but variability existed across different regions. The DiD model effectively highlighted the positive impact of urban primary care networks on health outcomes, particularly for vulnerable populations. Further research should focus on enhancing network coordination and ensuring equitable access to services in underserved communities. Primary Care Networks, Difference-in-Differences, Clinical Outcomes, Nigeria Treatment effect was estimated with logit(pᵢ)=β₀+β^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.