In adults aged 35-75 undergoing coronary angiography, higher lipophilic index reduced odds of high SYNTAX score II by 82% in obese participants (OR 0.18), higher polyunsaturated-to-saturated FA ratio reduced odds of high Gensini score by 82% (OR 0.18) in obese, and thrombogenic index doubled the odds of high Gensini score (OR 2.06) in non-diabetics.
Cross-Sectional (n=653)
Are Dietary Fat Quality (DFQ) indices associated with the severity of coronary artery occlusion and lipid profiles in adults undergoing coronary angiography?
While dietary fat quality indices did not correlate with coronary occlusion in the general population, higher lipophilic index and polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acids ratio may be inversely related to angiographic coronary occlusion severity in adults with obesity.
Effect estimate: OR 0.18 (95% CI 0.04-0.83) for highest vs lowest tertile of Lipophilic Index in obese participants for high SS-II; OR 0.18 (95% CI 0.04-0.80) for second tertile of PSR vs first tertile for high GS in obese; OR 2.06 (95% CI 1.10-3.84) for second tertile of TI vs first tertile in non-diabetics for high GS
p-value: P trend=0.09 for LI in obesity; P trend=0.55 for PSR; P trend=0.68 for TI in non-diabetics
Although many studies have linked dietary total fat or individual fatty acids (FAs) to cardiovascular disease (CVD), the association between FA ratios – considered markers of dietary fat quality (DFQ)- and coronary artery occlusion remains unclear. This cross-sectional study included 653 participants aged 35–75 years who underwent coronary angiography for the first time in Yazd, central Iran. Dietary intakes were assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the DFQ indices were derived using standard formulas. Gensini (GS) and Syntax II (SS-II) scores were calculated to quantify coronary artery occlusion. Logistic regression was applied to evaluate the association between DFQ indices and coronary occlusion. No association was observed between DFQIs and coronary artery occlusion. In participants with obesity, individuals in the highest tertile of the lipophilic index (LI) demonstrated 82% lower odds of a high SS-II compared with those in the lowest tertile in the fully adjusted model (model 3: OR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04–0.83; P trend = 0.09). The polyunsaturated-to-saturated fatty acids ratio (PSR) was inversely associated with the odds of high SS-II in the second versus the first tertile across all models. The PSR also showed a significant inverse association with a high GS in the fully adjusted model (OR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04–0.80; P trend = 0.55). Among participants without diabetes, those in the second tertile of the thrombogenic index (TI) had higher odds of coronary occlusion based on GS compared with the first tertile in both model 2 (OR 2.02, 95% CI: 1.09–3.72; P trend = 0.70) and model 3 (OR 2.06, 95% CI: 1.10–3.84; P trend = 0.68). The LI and PSR may be inversely related to coronary occlusion in adults with obesity. Among participants without diabetes, the TI was associated with higher occlusion risk. Confirmation of these findings in well-designed cohort studies is warranted.
Goodarzi et al. (2026) conducted a cross-sectional in Adults aged 35-75 years undergoing first-time coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery occlusion in Central Iran (n=653). Dietary fat quality indices (Lipophilic Index, Atherogenic Index, Thrombogenic Index, Cholesterol-to-SFA index, Polyunsaturated-to-Saturated FA ratio) vs. Lowest tertile of each dietary fat quality index was evaluated on Coronary artery occlusion severity measured by Gensini Score (GS) and SYNTAX Score II (SS-II) (OR 0.18 (95% CI 0.04-0.83) for highest vs lowest tertile of Lipophilic Index in obese participants for high SS-II; OR 0.18 (95% CI 0.04-0.80) for second tertile of PSR vs first tertile for high GS in obese; OR 2.06 (95% CI 1.10-3.84) for second tertile of TI vs first tertile in non-diabetics for high GS, p=P trend=0.09 for LI in obesity; P trend=0.55 for PSR; P trend=0.68 for TI in non-diabetics). In adults aged 35-75 undergoing coronary angiography, higher lipophilic index reduced odds of high SYNTAX score II by 82% in obese participants (OR 0.18), higher polyunsaturated-to-saturated FA ratio reduced odds of high Gensini score by 82% (OR 0.18) in obese, and thrombogenic index doubled the odds of high Gensini score (OR 2.06) in non-diabetics.