Northbound wait times at three international bridges linking Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico and El Paso, Texas, USA are used to help model personal vehicle flows into El Paso. Sample data also include tolls, exchange rates, and employment. Results confirm inverse relationships between traffic flows and tolls, as well as between traffic flows and queue times. Substitution effects between structures are also observed. Dollar-equivalent toll estimates are approximated for wait times at each bridge. Those wait time toll equivalents are used to estimate time-related costs at each port of entry. When delays reach 49 minutes, drivers select alternative routes.
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Fullerton et al. (2020) studied this question.
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