Vision transformer model-based dose prediction and beam angle optimization for BNCT

On a clinical dataset, the proposed model achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) below 0.6 Gy and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) below 2% for GTV; for skin, MAE was under 0.15 Gy and MAPE below 3.5%. The average gamma passing rates exceeded 90% (2 mm/2%) and 97% (3 mm/3%). After optimization, the minimum voxel dose of the GTV increased by an average of 1.8 Gy, while the maximum voxel dose of the organs at risk (OARs) did not increase. Significance. The proposed method has accurate dose prediction and efficient optimization ability, with results validated by MC simulations. It offers a potential application for clinical automated BNCT treatment planning design and optimization.