A Traditional Drug Tribulus Terrestris as a Renal Regulator Utilises in Modern Therapy

Diuretics are therapeutic agents that enhance the excretion of water and electrolytes through urine and are widely employed in the management of hypertension, edema, and renal complications. Along with synthetic classes such as loop, thiazide, potassium sparing, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, and osmotic diuretics, several medicinal plants are also recognized for their natural diuretic potential. Tribulus terrestris Linn. (Commonly known as Gokshura in Ayurveda) is one such plant traditionally used for urinary ailments, kidney stones, and as a general renal tonic. The plant contains diverse bioactive compounds including steroidal saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phytosterols, and essential oils, which contribute to its pharmacological profile. Experimental studies indicate that T. terrestris promotes significant diuresis, enhances sodium and chloride excretion and exhibits a potassium sparing effect. Furthermore, it shows nephroprotective action by reducing elevated serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid, while its litholytic effect aids in urinary stone clearance. Despite strong preclinical evidence and traditional usage, clinical validation remains limited. This project emphasizes the pharmacognostic, phytochemical, and pharmacological attributes of Tribulus terrestris with a focus on its diuretic activity and renalprotective potential.