Phase 2a National Grid Surveys: TX28 Gradiometer Survey Report

Wessex Archaeology were commissioned by Network Archaeology to carry out a geophysical survey at Great Haywood, Staffordshire. This work was undertaken on behalf of National Grid who are required to divert a mains gas pipeline to accommodate the construction and operation of HS2 Phase 2a from the West Midlands to Crewe. The survey forms part of an ongoing programme of archaeological works being undertaken ahead of construction works associated with the pipeline replacement and foundation upgrades, including compounds, storage, and working areas. The site comprises a portion of arable and pasture fields located north of Great Haywood, Staffordshire, covering an area of 1.3 ha. The geophysical survey was undertaken 23 June 2021 and has demonstrated the presence of several anomalies of potential archaeological interest. Superficial geological processes have been detected within the survey area, in the form of stronger dipolar anomalies. These processes are most likely the result of surface wash and deposition from the adjacent River Trent. Related to the superficial geology, are the positive, regular, linear, anomalies identified in the data which refer to the historic land drains, as recorded as part of the wider area of former water meadow land management. These features are also visible from aerial photography and LiDAR. The majority of anomalies identified in the survey data are related primarily to more modern interactions with the land, including overhead powerlines, pylon, and modern services. A possible trackway has been noted to the north of the western portion of the survey. It is possible this forms part of the wider historic landscape identified in the LSWSI. In addition, a number of large pits have been identified that could indicate wider settlement activity such as extraction or refuse pits. However, it is equally possible these anomalies are the result of more recent extraction activity. Numerous smaller pit-like anomalies have been identified. These anomalies could also be further evidence of extraction or refuse pits. However, it is equally possible these anomalies are associated with localised variations in the magnetic susceptibility underlying geological deposits.