Factors Related to Prevalence of Malaria Disease Among Karima Shamal Community, El-Obeid City, North Kordofan State, Sudan; Community Based Study

Background and objectives: Malaria remains one of the most common causes of disability and mortality across all ages globally. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with the spread of malaria in the community of Karima Shamal, El-Obeid City, North Kordofan State, Sudan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional community based study was conducted during winter season. A total of 263 households were selected randomly from all community. Data were collected through questionnaires and observations checklist. Data were entered, processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software (Version 23). Results: The study found that the majority of participants 88.6% had previous history of malaria during 2022–2024. The environmental and households conditions related to malaria disease included stagnant water pools (72 /27.4 %); “p<0.001; (OR=1.186; 95% CI (1.116 – 1.261)”, types of the building structures (p<0.001), the breaks in the water supply line (75/28.5%); “p<0.001; (OR=1.90; 95% CI (1.118 – 1.266)”, underground basins for storing water (121/46.0%); “(p<0.001; OR=1.268; 95% CI (1.164– 1.381)”, windows and doors screened (164/62.4%);“(p<0.001; OR=1.435; 95% CI (1.260– 1.634)”, and pots or flowers in the house (180/68.4%); “(p<0.001; OR=1.566; 95% CI (1.332– 1.841)”. Conclusion: The study highlights strengthening vector control coverage, especially IRS and larval source management, improving water infrastructure maintenance to reduce artificial breeding sites, enhancing health facility accessibility and integrating targeted interventions for children and vulnerable groups.