A Systematic Review of Risk Factor and Diagnosis of Varicose Veins

Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted veins that usually occur in the legs due to weak or damaged vein valves, leading to improper blood flow and pooling of blood. This condition is a part of chronic venous insufficiency and is influenced by factors such as age, gender, heredity, obesity, pregnancy, prolonged standing, and lack of exercise. Symptoms include pain, heaviness, swelling, itching, and visible blue or purple veins. Diagnosis is mainly done by clinical examination and Doppler ultrasound, which detects valve incompetence and venous reflux. Treatment depends on the severity and includes conservative management like compression therapy, exercise, and leg elevation, as well as advanced options such as endovenous laser therapy, radiofrequency ablation, and sclerotherapy. Ayurvedic medicine also plays a beneficial role by addressing the root cause and improving overall vascular health. Herbs like horse chestnut, gotu kola, witch hazel, butcher’s broom, and pycnogenol strengthen vein walls, reduce inflammation, and enhance blood circulation naturally. Ayurvedic principles emphasize balancing Tridosha, improving immunity, and offering long-term, side-effect-free healing. With proper lifestyle changes, modern and Ayurvedic approaches together can effectively manage varicose veins, relieve symptoms, and prevent complications.