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Observational research reveals carnosine alters myokine secretion in muscle cells, indicating potential benefits for muscle growth.
It has been established that skeletal muscle secretes cytokines and other physiologically active peptides (hereafter referred myokines) that are produced and released by muscle fibers. Myokines exert either autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects to communicate with other organs, such as liver, pancreas, brain, etc. More recently, some effects of myokines within muscle itself attracts more attention in relation to muscle hypertrophy and myogenesis.
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Kazuno et al. (2026) studied this question.
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