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This research aims to determine how common venous extension is in malignant adrenal tumors and how it can be identified through imaging techniques.

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March 2, 2026Open Access

Prevalence of venous extension in malignant adrenal neoplasia: beyond primary tumors and identification of a novel imaging sign

Key Points

This research aims to determine how common venous extension is in malignant adrenal tumors and how it can be identified through imaging techniques.
Observed venous extension in primary and metastatic adrenal lesions
Analyzed occurrence rates in adrenocortical carcinomas and metastases
Identified the adrenal edge sign as a predictive imaging marker
Adrenal vein involvement was observed in 21.4% of adrenocortical carcinomas
Venous involvement occurred in 14.6% of metastatic adrenal lesions
The adrenal edge sign was found in 25% of cases with early extension

Abstract

Question What is the prevalence of venous extension in malignant adrenal lesions-whether primary or secondary-and how can early involvement be recognized on imaging? Finding Adrenal vein involvement occurred similarly in ACCs (21.4%) and metastases (14.6%). Early extension may be preceded by the adrenal edge sign in 25% of cases. Clinical relevance Adrenal vein involvement occurs in both primary and metastatic adrenal lesions, with a tendency to be more prevalent in adrenocortical carcinomas. The 'edge sign' may precede venous extension in malignant lesions, aiding both diagnosis and therapeutic planning.

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