Successful Management of Suspected Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in BRAF-Mutant Cholangiocarcinoma Following Treatment With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and BRAF/MEK Inhibitors: A Case Report.

We report a rare case of cholangiocarcinoma with suspected EBV-associated HLH that developed after sequential therapy with an ICI and BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Clinicians should consider HLH as a differential diagnosis in patients with a history of ICI therapy who present with severe unexplained inflammation or shock. Prompt diagnosis and multidisciplinary management are crucial to prevent death.