Biologics have transformed CRSwNP treatment, but challenges remain in cost, treatment duration, and patient selection. Integrating endotype characterization, biomarkers, and comparative effectiveness data is crucial for personalized management. Future advances are expected from upstream immune modulation, restoration of epithelial barrier integrity, and optimized local drug delivery, enabling mechanism-based, adaptive approaches that maximize efficacy while minimizing systemic exposure.
Matera et al. (Sat,) studied this question.