Research shows that extracellular vesicles enhance cartilage regeneration in engineered tissues, suggesting new regenerative strategies.
Both TNF-α and TGF-β1 enhanced the immunomodulatory effects of EVs, with TGF-β1 showing a stronger capacity to promote chondrocyte proliferation and ECM synthesis. The miR-378a-3p/SIRPα axis was identified as a key mechanism underlying the protective effects of both α-EVs and β-EVs. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing EVs-based regenerative strategies to regulate the local inflammatory microenvironment and promote the regeneration of engineered tissues.
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Wang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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