Who still needs multiple access sites in the era of ECIRS and US-guided supine PCNL?

Key Points

• Multiple access sites are still required for effective renal stone management despite advancements in techniques.
• Among patients analyzed, 30% needed additional access sites to remove complex stones safely.
• Observational analysis assessed the utility of both ECIRS and ultrasound-guided approaches in various cases.
• This highlights the continuing need for optimization in percutaneous approaches; further studies are essential.