Abstract

Appendiceal mucoceles (AMs) are rare pathological entities characterized by the accumulation of mucin within the appendiceal lumen. They may arise from either non-neoplastic or neoplastic processes, including low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMNs). Due to their variable clinical presentation and often incidental discovery, diagnosis can be challenging. We report the case of a 29-year-old female who presented with a 3-month history of constipation and intermittent abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed mild right lower quadrant tenderness without signs of peritonitis. Laboratory findings were unremarkable. Abdominal CT demonstrated a cystic, fluid-filled structure at the base of the appendix. Colonoscopy revealed a glossy, dome-shaped protrusion at the appendiceal orifice, consistent with a mucocele. The patient underwent an elective laparoscopic appendectomy. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of LAMN. Her postoperative course was uneventful, and she remained asymptomatic on follow-up. This case illustrates the diagnostic complexity of appendiceal mucoceles, particularly in young adults, where the condition is uncommon. The combination of cross-sectional imaging and endoscopic evaluation was pivotal in establishing the diagnosis. Early surgical management was crucial to prevent rupture and the potential development of pseudomyxoma peritonei. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for AMs in patients with unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms and characteristic imaging findings. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate surgical intervention ensure favorable outcomes and prevent serious complications.

Key Points

• Diagnosis of low-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm was confirmed through histopathologic examination, emphasizing the importance of thorough evaluation.