Key result
Acalabrutinib cuts 1-year cardiovascular toxicity costs by ~55% compared to ibrutinib in CLL.
Why the study?
What are the clinical and economic burdens of cardiovascular toxicity associated with different BTK inhibitors in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
What are the clinical and economic burdens of cardiovascular toxicity associated with different BTK inhibitors in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia?
Cardiovascular toxicity from BTK inhibitors in CLL patients imposes a significant clinical and economic burden, with ibrutinib showing the highest overall impact compared to more selective agents.
Supports preferring selective BTKis in CLL to minimize CV toxicity burden and costs; extends real-world pharmacoeconomic evidence.[[1]](https://www.revportcardiol.org/pt-costs-consequences-cardiovascular-toxicity-due-articulo-S0870255126000296)[[2]](https://www.revportcardiol.
Introdução e objetivos: Os inibidores da BTK (BTKis) transformaram o tratamento da leucemia linfocítica crónica (LLC); contudo, estão associados a um aumento da toxicidade cardiovascular. Este estudo teve como objetivo estimar os custos e consequências dessa toxicidade em doentes com LLC tratados com diferentes BTKis em Portugal. Métodos: A análise baseou-se em dados da literatura sobre a incidência de eventos adversos como hemorragias, fibrilhação auricular (FA) de novo e hipertensão associados aos BTKis. Os custos médicos diretos, incluindo diagnóstico, monitorização e tratamento, foram calculados para um período de um ano, sob a perspetiva dos pagadores. Os custos de internamento foram obtidos a partir da Base de Dados de Morbidade Hospitalar Portuguesa, enquanto os custos ambulatórios foram estimados por um painel de peritos. Resultados: Por cada 100 doentes com LLC tratados com BTKis, a incidência de hemorragia variou entre 38,0 (acalabrutinib) e 70,3 (zanubrutinib); FA entre 5,4 (zanubrutinib) e 14,9 (ibrutinib); e hipertensão entre 6,6 (acalabrutinib) a 36,7 (zanubrutinib). A incidência de eventos relacionados com FA (acidente vascular cerebral e insuficiência cardíaca) foi superior nos doentes tratados com ibrutinib, enquanto os eventos relacionados com hipertensão (angina, enfarte do miocárdio, insuficiência cardíaca e doença arterial periférica) foram mais frequentes com zanubrutinib. Os custos totais por 100 doentes tratados no primeiro ano foram de 38.803,10 euro (acalabrutinib), 82.683,61 euro (zanubrutinib) e 86.084,56 euro (ibrutinib), com reduções nos anos seguintes de 47%, 43% e 39%, respetivamente. Conclusão: A toxicidade cardiovascular dos BTKis representa uma carga clínica e económica significativa nos doentes com LLC, sendo que ibrutinib apresenta o maior impacto. Introduction and Objectives: BTK inhibitors (BTKis) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). However, a higher risk of cardiovascular toxicity is reported among CLL patients treated with BTKis. This study aims to estimate the costs and consequences of cardiovascular toxicity associated with the different BTKis used for CLL treatment in Portugal. Methods: The incidence rates and health-related outcomes consequences among CLL patients, including bleeding events, de novo atrial fibrillation (AF) and hypertension were retrieved from the literature for the different BTKis. Direct medical costs (payers' perspective) associated with diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of cardiovascular toxicity were calculated for one year. Inpatient costs were derived from the Portuguese Hospital Morbidity Database. Outpatient costs were estimated from an expert panel. Results: Incidence rates per 100 CLL BTKis-treated patients ranged from 38.0 (acalabrutinib) to 70.3 (zanubrutinib) for bleeding, from 5.4 (zanubrutinib) to 14.9 (ibrutinib) for AF, and from 6.6 (acalabrutinib) to 36.7 (zanubrutinib) for hypertension. Incidence rates of health outcomes related to AF (stroke and heart failure) were higher among ibrutinib-treated patients, whereas health outcomes related to hypertension (angina, myocardial infarction, heart failure and peripheral arterial disease) were higher among zanubrutinib-treated patients. Total costs per 100 CLL BTKis-treated patients over the first year were EUR 38803.10, EUR 82,683.61, and EUR 86,084.56 for acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib, and ibrutinib, respectively. In subsequent years, costs decreased by 47%, 43%, and 39%, respectively. Conclusion: The clinical and economic burden of cardiovascular toxicity associated with BTKis treatment among CLL patients is high, with ibrutinib showing the highest impact in comparison to the more selective BTKis.
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Figueira et al. (2026) studied Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. BTK inhibitors vs. Different BTK inhibitors (acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib, ibrutinib) was evaluated on Costs and consequences of cardiovascular toxicity (bleeding, atrial fibrillation, hypertension). BTK inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia impose high cardiovascular toxicity costs, reaching EUR 86,084 per 100 patients for ibrutinib versus EUR 38,803 for acalabrutinib in the first year.
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