Magnesium oxide-functionalized biochar synthesis from municipal solid waste for Pb(II) removal in aqueous media and potential application in leachate remediation

Key Points

• Lead removal efficiency reached 95.4% under optimal conditions, highlighting the solution's potential.
• Analysis of various synthesis methods yielded magnesium oxide-functionalized biochar from municipal solid waste.
• Characterization techniques revealed the biochar's structural properties and adsorption capacities for lead ions.
• This approach may enable sustainable waste management solutions and reduce environmental contamination.