Effects of bacteria-microalgae immobilization on physiology, immunity, microbial composition, and vibriosis resistance of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

Puntos clave

• Vibriosis resistance improves with bacteria-microalgae immobilization, impacting immune response.
• Immobilized bacteria and microalgae significantly alter microbial composition in sea cucumbers.
• Physiological changes are observed in Apostichopus japonicus with this bioengineering approach.
• Enhanced immunity may indicate novel strategies in aquaculture for disease management.