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March 3, 2026Nutrition & Metabolism1 citationsOpen Access

Association of healthy lifestyle, depression with all-cause or cardiovascular mortality modified by metabolic syndrome among individuals: evidence from US NHANES and UK biobank cohort studies

FHFeng HuFFFayuan FuHCHui Chen

Key Points

  • All-cause mortality is significantly influenced by lifestyle and depression, particularly in those with metabolic syndrome.
  • Individuals with metabolic syndrome exhibit an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality related to unhealthy lifestyle choices.

Structured PICO

Does adherence to a favorable lifestyle and staying mentally healthy reduce all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population?

P
Population
Individuals from the US NHANES and UK Biobank cohort studies
I
Intervention
Adherence to a favorable lifestyle and concurrently staying mentally healthy (absence of depression)
C
Comparator
Counterparts not adhering to a favorable lifestyle or not staying mentally healthy
O
Outcome
All-cause and cardiovascular mortalityhard clinical

A favorable lifestyle combined with mental health is associated with lower cardiovascular and all-cause mortality, though this protective effect is modified by the presence of metabolic syndrome.

Abstract

Subjects adhering to a favorable lifestyle and concurrently staying mentally healthy had a reduced risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death compared to their counterparts. This joint association of lifestyle and depression on cardiovascular mortality was modified by metabolic syndrome.

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Cite This Study

Hu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a75cc5c6e9836116a25eaahttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-026-01087-3
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