Abstract This study presents an integrated geophysical investigation of the Zeyve Höyük archaeological site, combining magnetic data analysis and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to delineate buried structural features. Magnetic anomalies were processed using a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with the Haar mother wavelet at decomposition level 2, enabling the extraction of horizontal, vertical, and diagonal detail coefficients. The HVDM operator was applied to these coefficients for edge enhancement and was compared with the conventional balanced horizontal derivative (BHD) method in the Fourier domain. Results demonstrated that HVDM not only captured maxima-based lineaments but also identified significant structural minima, enhancing the detection of weakly magnetic archaeological features. ERT sections revealed high-resistivity zones extending to ∼4 m depth, which closely corresponded to magnetic anomalies, supporting the structural interpretation. Quantitative evaluation showed that HVDM achieved a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR: 3.35 dB vs. 1.57 dB for BHD) and produced distinct structural boundaries not detected by BHD, as indicated by a low Dice similarity coefficient (0.215). These findings demonstrate the advantages of wavelet-based edge detection in resolving small-scale archaeological targets. The proposed methodology provides a reliable, non-destructive framework to guide excavation strategies and refine geophysical interpretations in complex settlement contexts.
Hasan Karaaslan (Thu,) studied this question.