Degradation of LiFePO4 batteries after a real hybrid-bus extended application: Investigation of ageing phenomena and heterogeneity of performance

Key Points

• The observed degradation of lithium iron phosphate batteries highlights a notable decline in performance over time.
• Approximately 25% of all tested batteries showed varying levels of performance heterogeneity after real-world application.
• This analysis assesses battery ageing phenomena observed in hybrid-bus operations, revealing critical insights for future designs.
• The findings underscore the necessity for improved battery management systems to enhance longevity and performance.