Controlled human pneumococcal infection in the Netherlands: Colonisation, antibody responses and the impact of viral co-infection

Key Points

• Colonisation induces systemic and mucosal antibody responses, enhancing immune response.
• Viral co-infection significantly increases symptom burden during the infection period.
• The controlled infection study demonstrates feasibility and safety for such experiments.
• Establishing a platform for future vaccine evaluation and pneumococcal-viral interaction studies is crucial.