Immediate inferences are arguments where the conclusion is supported by just one premise. There are several ways to infer a conclusion from a premise. We can use conversion, obversion, contraposition or the properties of some structure of opposition. In this article, we will focus on the study of immediate inference for several forms of intermediate quantifiers that form a graded Peterson’s square of opposition which describes properties of contrary, contradictory, subcontrary, subaltern, and superaltern between these quantifiers.
Fiala et al. (2026) studied this question.