Precision and Scalability: Optimizing Attitude Control Testing for Reliable Multi-Satellite Systems

Ground-based testing is essential for verifying nanosatellite attitude determination and control systems (ADCSs). To ensure reliability in satellite constellations despite the higher number of satellites, efficient and scalable test strategies and environments need to be developed. Conventional testbeds present challenges - air-bearing systems restrict test scenarios, while turntables exclude actuators. We propose a hybrid hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) test strategy that separately evaluates estimation and actuation, leveraging turntables for sensor validation and air-bearing platforms for actuator testing. Through mission case studies, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach and indicate the scalability of the developed HiL simulation framework for multi-satellite testing.