Occurrence, distribution, sources and health risks of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water environment of Ningxia, northwestern China

Key Points

• PFAS in water sources presents significant health risks to the local population and wildlife, emphasizing environmental concerns.
• The study reveals multiple sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the water samples collected from various sites in Ningxia.
• Assessment using water samples analyzed for PFAS levels helps in identifying contamination and potential health threats to the community.
• These findings highlight the need for effective management and pollution control strategies to ensure safe water access.