Double-carbon layer protection strategy for enhancing the sodium storage of Bi@C@CNFs composites with three-dimensional structure

Key Points

• Enhanced sodium storage capacity of Bi@C@CNFs composites is achieved through a unique double-carbon layer strategy.
• The sodium storage performance improved significantly, with metrics indicating up to 45% higher capacity compared to traditional structures.
• Assessment using advanced materials analysis demonstrated the efficacy of the three-dimensional structure in energy applications.
• These findings highlight the importance of innovative protective strategies in developing next-generation sodium-ion batteries.