Regulatory role of protein tyrosine phosphatases in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), pivotal regulators of tyrosine phosphorylation dynamics, orchestrate cellular signaling networks to govern fundamental processes such as hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence, proliferation, and stress responses. Dysregulation of PTPs disrupts tyrosine phosphorylation homeostasis, culminating in HSC dysfunction, malignant transformation and leukemogenesis through aberrant activation of oncogenic pathways. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding PTP-mediated mechanisms underlying HSC maintenance and leukemogenesis, with a focus on their dual roles as tumor suppressors and context-dependent oncogenic drivers. It could help explore the molecular mechanism of normal hematopoietic homeostasis and provide potential therapeutic targets of the related blood diseases.