Systematic review and meta-analysis reveal neurostimulation improves swallowing in acute and critical care patients, indicating the potential for therapeutic use.
Our findings suggest that NMES + TDT, rTMS + TDT, NMES, tDCS + TDT, rTMS, PES + TDT and PES are effective therapies for improving swallowing function in acute and critical care patients, while the effectiveness of ta-VNS + TDT requires further investigation. Among the five neurostimulation therapies, NMES + TDT may be the most effective, according to probability rankings.
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Liu et al. (2026) studied this question.
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