In Situ Reconstructed CuPS ₃ -Derived Phosphorus Hybrid Anode for Ultrafast and Durable Sodium/Lithium Storage

Phosphorus (P) shows a high theoretical capacity for battery anodes but suffers from severe volume expansion (∼300%) and poor conductivity (10⁻¹⁴ S/cm), causing rapid failure above 10 C. Herein, we propose an in situ self-reconstruction strategy utilizing a CuPS₃ precursor. During cycling, it transforms into a novel nanocomposite comprising P nanoparticles dispersed within a dual-conductive matrix of metallic Cu nanodots and ionically conductive amorphous Na₂S. This synergistic architecture simultaneously mitigates volume fluctuations and accelerates electron and Na⁺ transport. The anode delivers a high capacity of 747 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹, surpassing most MPS₃ (M = Fe, Mn, Zn) analogues. It retains ∼95% capacity over 7500 cycles at 40 A g⁻¹, outperforming typical P-based anodes limited to 15 A g⁻¹. Moreover, it exhibits an excellent performance in lithium-ion batteries. This work pioneers a new in situ constructed anode for fast-charging batteries, offering a novel approach for designing advanced alloy-type anodes.