This analysis compares halo formation results in space-charge dominated beams using particle-core and multiparticle models, suggesting improved accuracy in simulations.
Space-charge dominated beams can induce chaotic behavior of particle trajectories leading to halo formation on the beam spot. This causes particle losses along the beam transportation that must be minimized. The fractional losses must be kept below 10-7/m.. This is a very low threshold to check with standard multiparticle codes. To study this kind of problems a particle-core model (PCM) is commonly used. However in this model some approximations are made and then its results need to be checked. In this paper, an inspection on the results of a particular PCM is done by using a multiparticle code with a new particle simulation approach that allows a tight comparison between their results
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Variale V. (1999) studied this question.
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