The emergence and development of artificial intelligence is rapidly promoting dental diagnosis and treatment from experience-driven to data-driven and accurate methods. With the help of AI models based on deep learning, AI has been widely used in dental fields such as oral radiology, orthodontics and maxillofacial surgery, periodontal disease and dental pulp, aesthetic restoration and so on. In addition, AI technology has also made great contributions in forensic dentistry and tele dentistry. The application of a technology can not only improve the limitations of traditional treatment methods, but also improve the accuracy of treatment of dental caries, periapical lesions, and other diseases. However, its clinical promotion is still limited by data imbalance and heterogeneity, privacy and security, lack of model interpretability and lack of standardized evaluation system. In the future, it is urgent to build high-quality multicenter data sets, introduce privacy computing technologies such as federal learning, and improve regulatory and human-computer collaboration specifications, so as to realize the safe and controllable application of AI in dentistry, and promote the overall transformation of oral medicine to prevention oriented, precision diagnosis and intelligent services.
Bai et al. (2026) studied this question.