Utilization of vermitechnology and laying hen litter in supporting responsible consumption and production goals

This study was conducted to examine vermitechnology and laying hen litter in support of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): clean water and sanitation, circular economy, reducing waste generation, agriculture, and ecosystem restoration. In addition, the study aimed to explore the development trends of vermitechnology and laying hen litter in terms of the SDGs, to identify physics concepts behind these two domains, especially in supporting SDG 12, and to develop stages of designing vermitechnology. The method began by identifying the problem of ammonia emissions from laying hen farms, analysing publications on vermitechnology and laying hen litter using Scopus metadata and data analysis tools, namely Biblioshiny, and then designing the stages of vermitechnology. The results showed that vermitechnology was widely known globally, as evidenced by publications visualizing research networks on organic waste and animals. Furthermore, publications on laying hen litter discuss ammonia, which can be linked to vermitechnology and the need for organic animal waste. The physics concepts identification highlighted mechanics, thermodynamics, and energy conservation. Furthermore, the development stages of utilizing vermitechnology and laying hen litter cover three significant goals, including SDG 3, SDG 12, and SDG 15.