Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Family Planning Methods and HIV Prevention among Antenatal Women in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Goa

India, with the third-highest global burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), faces significant challenges in combating the epidemic. There is a need for enhanced interventions, since Goa’s HIV prevalence is higher than the national average. To study the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of family planning methods and HIV prevention among antenatal women in Goa. A hospital-based cross-sectional study with a convergent mixed-method design was conducted from August to December 2023 at a tertiary care hospital in Goa. Most participants, 318 (93.5%), were aware of HIV, with 301 (88.5%) understanding transmission routes. Support was high for HIV disclosure, 305 (89.7%), and sex education, 310 (91.2%), but lower for buying condoms, 110 (32.4%). Awareness of family planning methods was high, 305 (89.7%), but only 218 (64.1%) knew that they were free at government hospitals. Knowledge of side effects was low, 57 (16.8%), and only 171 (50.3%) felt comfortable discussing family planning with partners. HIV prevention and family planning practices were observed to be low due to barriers such as spousal disapproval, socio-cultural norms, and misinformation about HIV transmission. This study highlights the gaps in the adoption of family planning methods and HIV prevention practices. Therefore, strengthening HIV integration in antenatal care and promoting targeted education and gender-sensitive programs are essential to enhance family planning adoption and HIV prevention efforts.